Auscultation of fetal heart sounds remains the first step in foetal assessment.  Only recently (with the emergence of Doppler and ultrasound technologies) has the stethoscope lost its clinical importance as the most essential and oldest instrument for assessment of the foetal condition.
1. Pinard’s Fetoscope-  wood
2. Pinard’s Fetoscope-  aluminum
3. Depaul’s Fetoscope-  ebonized wood
4. Pajot’s Fetoscope-  spun aluminum